The Unbearable Inevitable...puerto Rican Genealogy

An Indiana man has been sentenced to 115 years in prison for fatally stabbing a college professor and leaving the man's wife with nearly two dozen stab wounds during a home invasion in 2011. Historian Robert Betts says that the freedom York had during the Lewis and Clark expedition made resuming enslavement unbearable. After the expedition returned to the United States, every other member received money and land for their services. York asked Clark for his freedom based upon his good services during the expedition.

My latest discovery within my genealogy is the Legrand.

Jean Baptiste Legrand immigrated from New Orleans to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's when the Spanish royals had issued what was called Cedula de Gracia. To qualify the immigrant had to have had baptism within the catholic church. the immigrants were then granted land as well as official citizenship in the Spanish province of Puerto Rico.

My other grandfather, Jean Louis Ales also immigrated to Puerto Rico during the early 1800's from the island of Saint Thomas He too was French.

Jean Baptiste Legrand was born in Soissons, France during the year of 1771. He died in Guayama, in the year of 1832. Resourcesrochester high school ms. frisby ma. When he was living in New Orleans he had bought and sold many slaves. Before he immigrated to New Orleans he resided on the French province of Jeremie, Haiti, the paroisse of L' Arcahaye.

Source:

Name: Juan Bautista Legran Year: 1816 Place: Puerto Rico Source Publication Code: 1168 Primary Immigrant: Legran, Juan Bautista Annotation: History of 19th century immigration to Puerto Rico. Social and geographical analysis of the immigrants. Part 3 includes an alphabetical list of the names of settlers, year of arrival or stay, and, when available, occupation, place of origin, family, date Source Bibliography: CIFRE DE LOUBRIEL, ESTELA. La Inmigracion a Puerto Rico Durante el Siglo XIX, San Juan de Puerto Rico: Insituto de Cultura Puertorriquena, 1964. 441p. Page: 214

Source Citation: Place: Puerto Rico; Year: 1816; Page Number: 214.

Source Information:

Gale Research. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010.

Original data: Filby, P. William, ed. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Gale Research, 2010.'

Source 2: Slavery

Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 20.0
Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard
Where slave went: : St Martin
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 625
Selling Value: 625
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-05
Document Number (from the document): 173
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160305
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jean Louis
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 15.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Louis Melchior Reynaud
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: P
Selling Value: 495
Selling Value: 495
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-16
Document Number (from the document): 200
Notary Name: M. DeArmas
Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jupiter
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 25.0
Chad abbott the initials game on. Other comments: Buyer is from Bayou St. Jean
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Bte & Gme.Malus Legrand., (Ayes, sic Jean Baptiste and Guillume Malus Legrand)
Name of the Buyer: Etienne Raspal
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 600
Selling Value: 600
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-08-05
Document Number (from the document): 417
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18150805
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Skills and Occupations: blacksmith 'forgeron'
Skill: blacksmith, herero, forgeron
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Parker
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 15.5
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Gadon
Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 550
Selling Value: 550
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-13
Document Number (from the document): 204
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160313
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Pierre
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 10.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Julie Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Antoine Abat
Grouping: sold or inventoried in a group
Selling Currency: D
Selling Value: 2200
Selling Value: 2200
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1817-02-24
Document Number (from the document): 101
Notary Name: Phillipe Pedasclaux
Coder (person that encoded this record: Philip McLeod
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Mother's Name: 1
Mother's Age: 40
Mother's Race: 3
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: yes
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 19.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Pierre Bourg
Name of the Buyer: Jean Legrand
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 400
Selling Value: 400
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-07-31
Document Number (from the document): 395
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18150731
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 26.0
Other comments: Legrand & Guillaume Malus are acting as testamentary executors of Balais estate
Selling Information
Last Name of Deceased: Balais
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Camet
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 500
Selling Value: 500
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1815-11-13
Document Number (from the document): 625
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18151113
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 20.0
Other comments: Buyer is from Atacapas
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Pierre Hayacinthe Bernard
Where slave went: : St Martin
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 625
Selling Value: 625
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-03-05
Document Number (from the document): 173
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160305
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Jacques
Gender: male
Race: black
Age (when this record was documented): 18.0
Selling Information
Name of the Seller: Jean Baptiste Legrand
Name of the Buyer: Jean Gleises
Grouping: sold or inventoried as an individual
Selling Currency: p
Selling Value: 400
Selling Value: 400
Document: Information of the document that these records were retrieved.
Document Location: Orleans (including Chapitoulas).[Jefferson 1825]
Document Date: 1816-04-06
Document Number (from the document): 301
Notary Name: Broutin
Coder (person that encoded this record: Mabel Macias
Date of Sale: 18160406
Type of document:
Any documents involving maroons, including reports of runaways, interrogation of caputred runaways, and testimony by slaves about runaways: no
Language: French
Is this document of linguistic interest?: no
Is this inventory or sale of an estate of a free person of African descent?: no
Skill and Trade Information
Personality
Family Information
Was this slave inventoried with his/her mother?: no
Was this slave sold with his/her mother?: no
Importation Information
Was this slave being emancipated?: no
Slave listed as dead?: no

Source for above slave sale and purchases:

Ancestry.com. Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.

Original data: Office of Registry of Colonial Slaves and Slave Compensation Commission: Records; (The National Archives Microfilm Publication T71); Records created and inherited by HM Treasury; The National Archives of the UK (TNA), Kew, Surrey, England.

Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834 Record for Jean Baptiste Legrand Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812-1834

My point here is that my mother's mtDNA, despite being Haplo Group C, (Indigenous) reveals those French sequences as well as German and Russian sequences. One has to remember that the mtDNA is only a very small part of human genetics. About 16 percent. The mtDNA thus reflects what is contained within the human genome containing equal genetics of what your ancestral mothers and fathers have contributed.

My grandmother and her maternal lineage have contributed to my mtDNA. Healthy active livinghome. Awhile back I found the font of that maternal, ancestral Haplo Group C It wasn't Taino genetics, it was in fact the genetics of

the Guanajatabey who lived in the extreme Western part of Cuba and Isla Espanola. Historically the Taino had been in the habit of enslaving the Guanajatabey they had captured. Those sequences go back to the year 1,999 BC in Cuba and 640 BC in the Isla Espanola. Mixed in with my grandmother's mtDNA are those Spanish sequences coming out of the surname of Maldonado.

To further complicate matters genetically, my father's yDNA revealed heavy Berber and Eoropean sequences.

Since there are over a hundred persons from Spain, Mexico, South America who match my mtDNA this informs me that the Guanajatabey aren't extinct like some scientists have tried to convince us.

In the past I had stated publically that I had ancestral roots within the Taino ancestors. That statement had been made before I had begun my research and discovery project on my Haplo Group C.

Entwined within those mtDNA results are Haplo Group variants of C. C1, C2 etc. I am still researching to find out what those variations mean and what tribe they might belong to.

When I find out I will publish my findings herein.

The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy Dna Test

The lesson herein is thus: Despite our claim to Indigenous roots, deeply entwined within our genetics are the influences of our European Heritage. It can't be denied because its in your face when you look into the mirror in the morning.

The Unbearable Inevitable.puerto Rican Genealogy Dna Testing